Limitazioni alla libertà religiosa e principio di proporzionalità davanti alle Corti: una prospettiva comparata

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. “Breve durata” delle restrizioni e proporzio-nalità: l’interpretazione del Bundesverfassungsgericht 3. Il Consiglio di Stato francese la “question de proportionnalité” della libertà culto 4. “Secular gatherings” v. “secular businesses”: il tertium comparationis nella giurisprudenza Corte Suprema statunitense 5. Emergenza sanitaria test proporzionalità Strasburgo: brevi considerazioni iure condendo 6. Conclusioni.
 Restrictions on Religious Freedom and the Principle of Proportionalitybefore Courts: A Comparative Perspective
 ABSTRACT: The emergency legislation through which legal systems have tried to cope with Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated new forms balancing health protection other fundamental freedoms, including freedom religion. aim this paper is analyse different ways in superior Courts applied principle proportionality, purpose trying assess extent sensitivity judges (especially as regards identification comparationis) affected effective religion during pandemic. In particular, a comparison will be made among statements Bundesverfassungsgericht, Conseil d'État US Supreme Court, balanced right religious freedom. Short concluding remarks addressed possible role Strasbourg jurisprudence guiding work national dealing proportionality test, also post-pandemic perspective.